I intended to publish this a while back but I let it go because things started to change... Looks like it went more underground than stopped.
The Law of the Land Reflects the Heart of the People: Amos and Social Responsibility in Immigration
“The people I see are not criminals, and they’re not looking for a handout. They are mothers and fathers trying to feed their children. If people knew what I see, then maybe it would counter negative stereotypes so that compassion and humane immigration laws could be passed in Washington.”
- Federal Judge Robert C. Barak, Las Cruces, NM (Daniel, 2010)
Several media sources have reported the “Beason-Hammon Alabama Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act,” House Bill (H.B.) 56, the toughest immigration law in the US. This has raised a great deal of questions and controversy among residents of Alabama, both documented and undocumented. My hope is to be a different voice among the clamor, a voice that draws us to the heart of God as spoken by the prophet Amos. It is necessary to begin by briefly addressing the concerns and misconceptions that led to this law, followed by an overview of what the law is about and how it affects all residents. This should bring understanding and weight to the responsibility at hand. The central focus will be on the Christian’s role in social justice, according to Amos. It has been said, “The law of the land reflects the heart of the people” (Carroll, 2011). My hope is that our hearts will be able to hold righteousness and justice in the same hand, elevating these virtues as a priority in worship to God.
The title of this immigration bill is interesting, “...Alabama Taxpayer and Citizen Protection Act”. Who or what should we be protected from and who are these people not paying taxes? Unfortunately, the title of the bill implies a threat that is unrealistic. The fear behind this new law is that jobs are being taken by “illegal” immigrants or “aliens” that are not paying taxes. In fact, most of the jobs “taken” require skill and hard labor that most citizens will not do for the amount paid (Dwoskin, 2011). This effect is crippling farmers, leaving them desperate for labor. An even greater misconception is the idea of unpaid taxes. All employees must provide a tax identification or Social Security number for the I-9 form. Since numbers provided by undocumented workers are false, they are paying into Social Security benefits they will never receive. Medicare and Social Security are expected to run dry by 2024 and 2036, respectively (Wolf, 2011). Therefore, the deportation of 11-12 million undocumented Hispanics alone, would bankrupt the Social Security system.
The Alabama immigration law (H.B. 56) aims to drive out immigrants with strict regulations. It is now a crime for citizens to drive an undocumented immigrant. Beginning April 2012, businesses must check the legal status of workers or face fines and/or the loss of a business license. Landlords can also be fined if they “harbor illegal aliens”. Schools are now required to count “illegal aliens” upon a child’s enrollment. This has lead to many children withdrawing from school for fear of deportation. Under this new law police officers can be fined if they do not arrest undocumented immigrants. As a result of the strict stipulations both citizens and immigrants are fearful. The nature and language of this law has created opposing sides, “us vs. them,”and is conducive to racial profiling. It is reminiscent of racial laws that existed in Alabama less than 45 years ago.
The argument stated until this point is usually where we begin and end. The language is often hostile and pejorative with simplistic answers that yield transient results (Daniel, 2010). As Christians we must ask where the debate should begin. Where does God call us to look for his understanding of social justice? Patriotism is often viewed as a Biblical allegiance to a nation, a faithful Christ follower “obeying the laws of the land.” Others may question whether the issue of immigration is simply a political issue that should be left alone. The issue of immigration is not simply about politics or the economy. It is also about people. “Many immigrants seek a ‘promised land’ of a better existence, a ‘land of milk and honey,’ but the trek here is hard, and life once they get to the United States scan be full of long hours of work with low pay and few benefits.” (Carroll, 2008, p. 87).
The prophets passionately point to a number of sins or covenant violations that fall into three categories: idolatry, social justice and reliance on religious ritualism (Hays, 2010). In light of the pressing concern of immigration, I will focus on social justice, “... central to the message of Amos.” (Carroll, 2009, p. 42). The Book of Amos is also considered to be the most insightful criticism of society in the entire Old Testament (Hasel, 1991). Through exploring this prophetic word I will seek to redefine justice and righteousness, point to the warnings in God’s judgement, and provide answers for how we should respond.
Amos’ defends the vulnerable and condemns the heartless worship of the people of God. Their religious actions, worship, and praise are detestable to God because they neglect the social justice of the oppressed and defy true righteousness (5:7, 5:24, 6:12). Carroll (2009) points out that the use of justice and righteousness in all three verses in Hebrew are chiastic, a literary device that point to the center to show importance. Since the time of Amos was effected by a divided monarchy with worship of pagan deities, many of us consider this society separate from our own. Therefore the words of Amos become void to us. However, in our modern society that equates “experiencing God” equivalent with worship, we must heed the warnings of hollow actions (Carroll, 2005). Today the word worship is synonymous with music. This view desperately needs to be redefined. The prophet Amos speaks of justice and righteousness in treatment of others as key to a right relationship with him. When the people of God substitute these virtues for religious ritual God “despises” their empty acts (5:21).
The actions that defied justice and righteousness included: “amassing of wealth (3:10-12; 15, 6:4), and the enjoyment of a life of luxury (4:1; 6:4-7) at the expense of the exploited classes.” (Hasel, 1999, p. 102). This is frighteningly similar to the stories of immigrants struggling to provide food for their families at the risk of life (Daniel, 2010). Still, Amos does not attack wealth; his aim is at the heart and actions of the people of God. James L. Mays (1969) points out, “The wealth he denounces was specifically the result of oppression of the poor and corruption of the court” (p. 11).
In the United States most of us receive enough money to provide for more than our basic needs. Unfortunately this limits our understanding of the needs of the oppressed and poor, especially if we are emotionally, spiritually and geographically disconnected. Carroll (2009) speaks of a nation and culture that is reminiscent of our own “[Israel] was convinced that [God] was committed to blessing and protecting the life they knew. The problem was that God abhorred what was going on inside the world. He ‘hated’ and ‘despised any religious activity divorced from justice (5:21)” (p. 44). This sounds frighteningly familiar to the church abiding Christian proclaiming a god of patriotism over allegiance to God alone.
God’s judgement is clear throughout the Book of Amos, with hope of restoration at the end. If we understand the immutability of God, that his nature does not change, then we must heed to the wisdom of the prophet. We must hear God’s distain and pending judgement for those who continue to walk in the ways of injustice and self righteousness. God emphasizes, “I hate, I despise” the feast, offerings, sacrifices, and songs of worship offered to him. (5:21-23). The Hebrew describes how God’s senses spurn their offerings: I will not smell (5:21), I will not look (5:22), and I will not listen (5:23) (Carroll, 2005). Amos speaks out against “those who are at ease in Zion” (6:1), who live in excess. Their comfortable lives leave them callous to the needs around so they “are not grieved over the ruin of Joseph!” (6:6). Hasel (1991) argues that mishpat (justice) and sedeqah (righteousness) are the “root” of Amos social criticism and mishpat should be carried out “... within which one functions with community faithfulness” (p. 103-104).
Amos correct our view of worship, drawing us away from contemporary ideas of raised hands and good music as the equivalent of worship. This type of worship is idolatrous, to praise and proclaim a deity that is different from the true God (4:4-13). Still the people seek to serve a god that fits their standards. They offer to give him every burnt offering, grain offering, and song but he rejects them all, only asking that justice and righteousness be central to their practice of worship. (5:21- 27)
If we can realize the weight of the prophets message then we must ask how we should respond. The general principles inferred from Amos must be sculpted and applied to the modern issue of immigration. First we must speak out against injustice. God proclaimed judgement on Amaziah, the high priest of Bethel” for trying to silence his prophet (7:14-17). Amaziah realized the weight of the message and called it a “conspiracy” against the crown (7:10). He felt the threat of his security and retaliated by trying to silence Amos as he proclaimed justice and righteousness. Micah also denounced the religious leaders, “...for never questioning the optimistic national ideology of victory and the injustices of the status quo” (3:5-12) (Carroll, 2009, p. 45). Second, we must care for the vulnerable. From the prophetic point of view, it is impossible to profess to worship Yahweh and not exhibit care for others. We must know these faces and listen to their stories to know the full story of immigration.
Hopefully, you can see the weight of immigration is not simply a political matter. It is effecting some of the most impoverished people within our geographical proximity. Despite your political affiliation my hope is that we can see the heart of the person, listen to their stories and offer help, despite fear of the law. If we were truly caring for the poor, displaced and sojourners in our land then we would know their stories and they would no longer become nameless faces to fear. “For the Hispanic, as for the majority culture, being God’s representative is both a privilege and a responsibility” (Carroll, 2008, p. 70). My prayer is that we do not take this responsibility lightly.
References:
Carroll R, M.D. (2011, Oct. 19). The Book of Amos. Lecture presented in Understanding the Kingdom of Israel and Her Prophets, OT 511, course at Denver Seminary, Littleton, CO.
Carroll R, M.D. (2008). Christians at the Border: Immigration, the church and the bible. Grand Rapids, Michigan: Baker Academic.
Carroll R, M.D. (2005). Can the prophets shed light on our worship wars?-How Amos Evaluaes Religious Ritual.” Stone-Campbell Journal, 8(2), 215-227.
Carroll R, M.D. (2009). Failing the vulnerable: The prophets and social care. In J.A., Grant & D.A., Hughes (Eds.), Transforming the world? The gospel and social responsibility. (1st ed., pp. 35-50). Nottingham, England: Inter-Varsity Press.
Daniel, B. (2010). Neighbor: Christian encounters with “illegal” immigration. Lousiville, Kentucky: John Knox Press.
Dwoskin, E. (2011, November 11). Why Americans won't do dirty jobs. Bloomberg Businessweek. Retrieved from http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/45246594/ns/business-us_business/t/why-americans-wont-do-dirty-jobs/
Hasel, G.F. (1991). Understanding the book of Amos: Basic Issues in current interpretations. Grand Rapids, MI: Baker.
Hays, J.D. (2010) The message of the prophets: A survey of the prophetic and apocalyptic books of the Old Testament. Grand Rapids, MI: Zondervan.
Mays J.L. (1969). Amos: A Commentary. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: Westminster.
Wolf, R. (2011, May 13). Medicare, Social Security running out of money faster. USA Today. Retrieved from http://content.usatoday.com/communities/theoval/post/2011/05/medicare-social-security-obama-geithner-republicans/1